Soil Preparation
How quickly and how well trees become established once they are planted is affected by the amount of stress they are exposed to before and during planting. Minimizing planting stress is the goal of proper planting.
Trees and shrubs should also be thoroughly watered prior to planting to minimize water stress.
Soil preparation and drainage
Ideally soil preparation should be carried out well ahead of planting. Preparation could include incorporating organic matter into the soil to improve aeration and assist drainage of compacted soils, and to improve soil nutrient holding capacity. Specific preparation may be needed if the soil has an inappropriate pH or is lacking in certain elements. Trees and shrubs with a limited soil tolerance range may require very specific soil preparation to enable their requirements to be met.
Dig planting hole 50% wider and only as deep as the root ball. Prepare soil by mixing 1/3 existing soil, 1/3 organic matter, 1/3 topsoil.
Container Grown Trees & Shrubs
Remove plant from container.
Because the plant was grown in a container, its roots have been restricted by the shape of the container. Loosen the roots all the way around, even on the bottom. If the root system is too tight to loosen with your fingers, cut through roots slightly with a knife or pruning sheers. Make three or four one-inch deep cuts. Gently pull apart.
Center plant in hole 1 to 3 inches above grade. Keep roots spread out.
Field Grown Trees & Shrubs
Center plant in hole 1 to 3 inches above grade. Cut and remove all cords or twine from the root ball and trunk. Burlap should be left on, but loosened and pulled away from the trunk and below the soil surface. Remember to move trees carefully. Roll the root ball on its side and “steer” it into the hole with the trunk. Straighten the tree upright in the hole.
Completing the Planting
For both container grown and balled and burlapped plant material, backfill the planting hole with soil your mix and pack firmly. Make a rim of soil around the plant to act as a “saucer” for holding water.
Water thoroughly with a slow soaking, and use a Root Stimulator Fertilizer.
Apply a 2 inch layer of mulch around your new planting, keeping an open space of 3 inches around the trunk or base of the plant to allow for air circulation.
Staking Container & Field Grown Trees and Shrubs
For larger trees or those that have a tendency to lean, use three wires secured to anchor stakes in firm ground (never into the root ball). Where the wires touch the tree, they should be covered with rubber hose to prevent damage. Remove stakes as soon as roots become established. This can be as soon as a few months, so check your tree frequently. Stakes should not be left in place any longer than one growing season.
Plant Care
Watering:
Plants should be slowly soaked to a depth of 4 inches, which is the equivalent of about an inch of water per week. This is necessary during the first year or two. Let the hose run slowly at the base of the plant until the water has penetrated to the root depth. Too much water can also be a problem. Feel the soil. If it is wet, do not add water. Frequent light watering is not as good as a thorough soaking once per week, which will encourage strong root growth.
Fertilizing:
Your new plants should be given a Root Stimulator type fertilizer right after planting. You should not use a fertilizer meant for mature plants on new material, as it could cause damage to your plant. It is essential for new plants to develop a healthy root system - top growth will follow. After the first season, regular fertilizers can be used.
Pruning:
Pruning at planting time may be necessary for larger trees to reduce leaf surface to match cut roots. Remove 1/3 of smaller twigs. Do not cut back the main trunk or larger branches. If shaping is necessary, trim side branches enough to get uniformity.
Insects & Diseases:
Keep an eye out for holes or brown leaves or needles. This could be a sign of insect or disease problems. Ask our staff for help identifying the insect or disease and to prescribe treatments.
Special Care Plants:
Azaleas, Hollies, Rhododendrons and Dogwoods all need well-drained, acidic soils, high in organic matter and a shady location. When planting, mix ˝ of the removed soil with ˝ peat moss.
